Coffee †Espresso Essay

Coffee shop is one of the best places with an aura indirectly leading to soothing and meaningful conversations. It serves as a venue for personal and social business transactions. It is also a quite place to merely sit down and relax leaving voluminous loads on couches while taking a sip of everyone’s all time favourite, a cup of coffee. Never is it foreign that drinking coffee is by no means new to Filipino taste. In a manner of serving, at home, it is served during meal times while in the office, whether employees are time pressed or not, they always settle over a hot cup of coffee. The pleasure of drinking coffee sparks new creative blends for every coffee aficionado. With best technology ever, these blends are much easier to make for easy and affordable access to coffee lovers and to new ones. Clearly attributable to such coffee shops prestige is the good consumer demand. Increasingly, Filipino consumers are settling for a good coffee instead of alcohol on a night out. Coffee shops have become a status symbol for younger consumers and working people find these specialty coffee shops to be convenient places for afternoon business meetings. Region 12 is slowly taking the curve of global competition, with this, it is expected that its populaces join the bandwagon of total lifestyle change. Alongside of the changes, coffee turned out to be not just a typical beverage at home but a comparative substitute to other drinks offered in the market. Indeed, coffee shops’ coming into light offering coffee lovers their best products is quite a venture. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Industry Background Coffee Cocktail House (C2H) is a coffee industry. Coffee was the second world’s legally traded commodity. There are an estimated 25 million coffee growers around the world that are mostly small-scale farmers. Our country has two most prevalent varieties of coffee—Arabica and robusta. Other varieties are excelsa and liberica. In where the robusta accounts for 75% of the country’s total production, Arabica acconts for 5-10%, and excelsa and liberica accounts 15-20% according to statistics from the International Coffee Organization. It is estimated that around 300,000 Filipinos depend on the coffee industry. According to reports, coffee consumptions continue to increase. Experts predict that the level of consumption will follow population growth. Domestic consumption will also increase by 2. 25% per year. However, coffee production is hindered by the following factors: poor technical knowledge of the farmers in coffee growing and lack of farm-to-market roads to transport the harvested beans, and also old coffee trees also contribute to poor production. The government agencies such as the Department of Agriculture (DA), Department of Trade and Industry, and even the local government put up financial to conduct a skills training/seminar in Ifugao because coffee industry is considered as a priority for the province. Name of the enterprise: As for the product name, we have come up for the product name that can describe one of our special coffees. We have applied the name in Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and it was not found that it was not yet used by any other business entity yet. Business Name: Coffee Cocktail House USP: Great Taste Happens. Vision Coffee Cocktail House vision is to be the leader in the Cafeteria industry, building strong customer loyalty and customer satisfaction. We are certified quality coffee shop at a reasonable price of products, in a comfortable atmosphere, with exceptional service. Mission Coffee Cocktail House is established with the idea of promoting good relationships while sharing delicious and healthful coffee. It is committed to offer high quality products with the finest ingredients available, innovated, unique and exceptional taste with additional flavours that suits for the ultimate wants of the consumers. Location Coffee Cocktail House (C2H) will be located at the ground floor of the Fort Strip, Katipunan Circle, Fort Bonifacio Global City, Metro Manila, Taguig City, because it is one of the busiest places in Metro Manila and there’s an opportunity that we will get on the location. The location is highly accessible and visible for those who work beside the building and passers-by. The shop will be placed where there is several establishments such as mall, schools, call centers, business offices, and condominiums. Brief Description of the Project For our new business idea, our group have all concurred and agreed the best way to go about developing new concepts and ideas is nonetheless the one that complete the day of a human—coffee. So we decided to on putting-up our own coffee shop. Indeed, and furthermore, we have considered what kind of beverage that we could possibly develop by means of reinventing its taste, by making it more nutritious and ultimately breaking the way people look at it. Then it came to an idea of redesigning a kind of beverage that has been branded as traditional and existing since time immemorial, and also it must be a kind of beverage that people will love and like as well. Instead of doing a coffee alone, we came up to an idea of mixing coffee and alcohol. We arrived in this idea because some call center agents want to drink alcohol but we mix coffee on it for them to avoid drowsiness. We also consider some of the Filipinos are health conscious that’s why we came up to an idea on creating a healthy and nutritious but great tasting organic coffee. Project Long-Range Objectives: * To expand the business by having branches locally and abroad to serve the growing demands for the product and service. * To be known locally and internationally as a Coffee house serving unique and innovated flavours of coffee. * To be one of the most socially responsible business establishment and one of the most socially responsible business establishment and one of the most environment friendly business here in the country by using non-toxic materials and free pollution machineries. Limitation of the Project Coffee Cocktail House (C2H) will only hires a well experienced baristas to make a great taste of coffee and to make sure that we are ahead from the competitors. While the employees are on their work they should train the other to staff in different department so that in case that an employees will leave in some matter the other employee already know the what to do. In the initial year of the business we are not be able to expand our location because of lack of capital. Summary of Findings and Conclusion Marketing Feasibility. Coffee Cocktail House is creating a best Marketing Program in introducing our store especially in our products which caters our local coffees. Also we want to create unique promotional strategies to get our target market’s attention and build a relationship between them and compete in existing competition in the market. Not just serving them a plain coffee but letting them to realize that they’re more than a customer. Management Feasibility Coffee Cocktail house is aiming to manage well our customers both internally and externally. We are not only focusing on our customer’s satisfaction but also in our employee’s satisfaction. This store/establishment is line-type organization as an effective management structure in business. Every employee’s position is well organized from the managers down to waiters. Technical Feasibility In order to maintain the freshness of our product we get high-quality equipment, from machines in processing the products to the equipment in serving our customers and in the maintaining the cleanliness of our store. Financial Feasibility It will serve as an important factor in our business because we can see here the cash flows in operating our business. We can also see here if we gain profit or not also the financial performance and financial position of our business operation in terms of pesos and ratios that can be used in making decisions. CHAPTER 1: MARKETING ASPECT CHAPTER 1 MARKETING ASPECT PART I Introduction â€Å"Only one thing is certain about coffee†¦. Wherever it is grown, sold, brewed, and consumed, there will be lively controversy, strong opinions, and good conversation. † ~Mark Pendergrast Marketing is a very significant part in a body of a feasibility study. Where the 4 P’s of marketing is summarized here for the strategic purpose of the business. Manifestation part of the things needed to be implemented in the whole feasibility project. Coffee is had been part of our daily life. It is the first thing we did every morning. Almost people love to drink coffee and different mixes; they also love drinking coffee while chatting to each other. Marketing aspect is very essential part in establishing a business. It is said to be the life hood of virtually every project feasibility study without the market composed of demand and supply, there will never be a business the success of the business depends on the market. Objectives: * To achieve an effective marketing plan for the productivity of our business. * To be able to see the projection of our demand and supply in market. * To identify and assume what will be the strength and weaknesses of our business. Sampling Size Determination The sampling size will serves as a direction to determine the percentage of people’s demand. Formula: n=__N____ 1+Ne2 Where: n = sample size N = total population (108,769 being the total population of Fort Bonifacio with the nearest baranggay) E =margin of error (5%) Solution: n = 180,769_____ 1 + (180,769) (5%) n = 180, 769___ 1 + (180,769) (. 5) n = 399. 99 or 400 respondents. The 400 respondents will represent the four nearest barangays in the Fort Bonifacio, Taguig City. The proponents conducted the survey on the nearest mall (Market Market! ) where the residents of Taguig usually always come. MARKET SURVEY Questionnaire Formulation Based on the distinguished needs and preferences about the coffee shop, residents qualified based on their demographic characteristics like age, gender, monthly income and allowance, and anything that makes them qualified as a respondent whether he or she drinks coffee. The questionnaires are collected, tabulated and analyzed for the interpretation of data gathered. Republic of the Philippines Polytechnic University of the Philippines Sta. Mesa, Manila College of Business Coffee Shop Feasibility: Coffee-Cocktail House (CCH) Dear Respondents, We are students from Polytechnic University of the Philippines conducting research on our Feasibility Study: Coffee-Cocktail House. We would like to request you to answer our questionnaire. Rest assured that your answers will be kept confidentially. Thank You. The Researcher I. Personal Profile. Name (Optional):_________________________________________________________ Instruction: Check the space of your answer. 1. Gender: ? Male ? Female 2. Age: ? 18 – 24 ? 25 – 31 ? 32 – 38 ? 39 – 45 ? 46 – above 3. How much is your monthly income or monthly allowance? ? ? 1 – ? 10,000 ? ? 10,101 – ? 20,000 ? ? 20,201 – ? 30,000 ? ? 30,001 – ? 40,000 ? ? 40,001 – above II. All about coffee and coffee shop. 1. Do you drink coffee? ? Yes? No If yes, what brand of coffee do you purchase? ? Nescafe ? Kopiko ? Great taste coffee ? San Miguel coffee Others: (Specify) __________________________ 2. Do you go to a coffee shop to buy coffee? ? Yes? No 3. How often do you go to a coffee shop? ? Every day ? Every other day ? Weekly ? Monthly. ? Yearly Others: (Specify) _____________________ 4. How many cup/s of coffee do you buy/consume when you go to a coffee shop? __________ Instruction: You may check one or more. 5. If you go to a coffee shop, in what coffee shop do you buy? ? Starbucks ? Gloria Jean’s coffee shop ? Figaro ? Bo’s coffee shop ? Coffee bean and tea leaf ? Seattle best coffee ? Cafe de Lipa ? UCC Cafe plaza ? Cafe cap real ? McCafe of McDonalds ? Others: (Specify) _________________ 6. When do you usually go to a coffee shop? or Why? ? meeting ? break-time ? past-time ? dating Others: (Specify) .__________________ 7. In going to a coffee shop, whom do you come with? ? Co-workers/Officemates ? Clients ? Family Member ? Friends ? Boyfriend/Girlfriend ? I prefer going alone Others: (Specify)___________________ 8. What kind of coffee do you prefer? ? Hot? Cold 9. Do you drink coffee with†¦? ? Frappe ? Toppings ? Desert III. All about Coffee Cocktail House. 1. In going to our coffee shop @ the Bonifacio Global City, Fort Square, Taguig City, what is/are the coffee/s you are willing to buy, interested to try or not interested. Instruction: Please check the best answer. (*) Our Unique Offering. KINDS OF COFFEE| Willing to buy| Interested to try| Not interested at all| Hot Coffee| ? | ? | ? | Cold Coffee| ? | ? | ? | Frappe Coffee| ? | ? | ? | * Coffee Cocktail| ? | ? | ? | * Organic Coffee | ? | ? | ? | 2. What kind of * Coffee Cocktail do you prefer? ? Alcoholic* Coffee Cocktail ? Non-Alcoholic *Coffee Cocktail 3. What are the *Coffee Cocktail you are willing to buy, interested to try or not interested. (Alcoholic and Non-alcoholic drinks) KINDS OF COFFEE| Willing to buy| Interested to try| Not interested at all| * Coffee Infused Vodka| ? | ? | ? | * Spiked Coffee Ice Cream Dream| ? | ? | ? | * Chocolate Mocha-Tini| ? | ? | ? | 4. Do you prefer an organic coffee? ? Yes? No 5. What are the *Organic Coffee you are willing to buy, interested to try or not interested. (Fertilized or unfertilized) **most Unique offering as being the most expensive coffee in the world yet when roasted, it exudes an almost musical, fruity aroma. It has a strong, sweet, dark chocolatey taste that is perfect for that morning kick or high power meetings. Definitely a CLEAN CUP. KINDS OF COFFEE| Willing to buy| Interested to try| Not interested at all| *Rice Coffee| ? | ? | ? | *Corn Coffee| ? | ? | ? | *Coconut Coffee| ? | ? | ? | **Civet â€Å"Alamid† Coffee from Philippine’s finest Arabica, Liberica and Exelsa beans| ? | ? | ? | * Arabica, Liberica and Exelsa Coffee| ? | ? | ? | **********OThank YouO andOGOD bless YOUO********** O†Life is like a cup of coffee. † O -anonymous Survey analysis A part of the survey which all the data gathered was being analyzed for the justification of the objectives of the proponents. The proponents purposively collect more information about the business target market and consumer. It is to understand their needs and to know their perception on the business to be built. Table 1: Distribution of respondents according to gender. GENDER| FREQUENCY(F)| PERCENTAGE (%)| MALE| 165| 41%| FEMALE| 235| 59%| TOTAL| 400| 100%| Figure 1: Gender of the respondents From above data, majority of our respondents are female which is 59% percent while only 41% are male. Table 2: Distribution of respondents according to age AGE| FREQUENCY(F)| PERCENTAGE(P)| 18-24| 221| 55%| 25-31| 58| 14%| 32-38| 49| 12%| 39-45| 38| 10%| 46-above| 34| 9%| TOTAL| 400| 100%| Figure 2: Age of the respondents From data above, 55% of our respondents aged 18-24, 14% are aged 25-31, 12% are aged 32-38, 10% are aged 39-45 and 9% are aged 46 and above. Table 3: Distribution of respondents according to their monthly income MONTHLY INCOME| FREQUENCY(F)| PERCENTAGE(P)| 1-10,000| 168| 42%| 10,001-20,000| 61| 15%| 20,001-30,000| 75| 19%| 30,001-40,000| 78| 19%| 40,001 and above| 18| 5%| TOTAL| 400| 100%| Figure 3: Respondent’s monthly income Data shows that our respondents 1-10,000 the highest percentage which is 42%, 20,001-30,000 and 30,001-40,000 which are 19%, 10,000-20,000 which is 15% and 40,001 and above which is 5%. Table 4: Distribution of respondents who drinks coffee COFFE DRINKERS| FREQUENCY(F)| PERCENTAGE(P)| YES| 256| 64%|. NO| 144| 36%| TOTAL| 400| 100%| Figure 4: Respondents who drinks coffee Data shows that the majority of our respondents are coffee drinkers which is 64% and 36% are not. Table 5: Brand of coffee they buy in store BRAND OF COFFEE| FREQUENCY(F)| PERCENTAGE(P)| NESCAFE| 235| 42%| KOPICO| 155| 28%| GREATE TASTE COFFEEE| 109| 19%| SAN MIGUEL COFFEE| 51| 9%| OTHERS| 9| 2%| TOTAL| 559| 100%| Figure 6: Particular brand the respondents buy From the data above, the highest brand of coffee they buy is Nescafe which is 42%, Kopiko which is 28%, Grate Taste which is 19%, San Miguel Coffee which is 9% and 2% from other brand. Table 7: Respondents who have been to coffee shop WHO HAVE BEEN TO COFFEE SHOP| FREQUENCY(F)| PERCENTAGE| YES| 293| 73%| NO| 107| 27%| TOTAL| 400| 100%| Figure 7: Have you been to coffee shop? Data shows that 73% of our respondents have been to coffee shop and 27% are not. Table 8: How often do you drink coffee? TIMES THEY DRINK COFFEE| FREQUENCY(F)| PERCENTAGE(P)| EVERYDAY| 136| 46%| EVERY OTHER DAY| 61| 21%| WEEKLY | 69| 24%| MONTHLY| 12| 4%| YEARLY| 9| 3%| OTHERS| 6| 2%| TOTAL| 293| 100%| Figure 9: How often they drink to coffee shop. Data shows that 46% of our respondents drink coffee to coffee shop everyday, 24% weekly, 21% every other day, 4% monthly, 3%yearly and 2% from the others. Table 10: How many cups they consume in the coffee shop? NOS. OF CUPS THEY CAN CONSUME| FREQUENCY(F)| PERCENTAGE(P)| ONE| 149| 47%| TWO| 122| 38%| THREE| 24| 8%| FOUR| 8| 2%| FIVE| 10| 3%| SIX| 6| 2%| TOTAL| 319| 100%| Figure 10: How many cups they consume in the coffee shop? Data shows that 47% of respondents can consume only one, 38% can consume 2 cups, 8% can consume 3 cups, 3% can consume five cups, and 2% can consume four and six cups. Table 11: What particular coffee shop they go and buy coffee? COFFEE SHOPS| FREQUENCY(F)| PERCENTAGE(P)| STARBUCKS| 88| 30%| GLORIA JEAN’S COFFEE SHOP| 14| 5%| FIGARO| 44| 15%| BO’S COFFEE SHOP| 18| 6%| COFFEE BEAN AND TEA LEAF| 23| 8%| SEATTLE BEST COFFEE| 16| 3%| CAFE DE LIPA| 9| 3%| MCCAFE| 57| 19%| OTHERS| 24| 6%| TOTAL| 293| 100%| Figure 11: What particular coffee shop they go and buy coffee? Data shows that 30% of the respondents go to Starbucks, 19% at Mc Cafe, 15% at Figaro, 8% at Coffee Bean and Leaf Tea, 6% at Bo’s Coffee shop and Seattle Best Coffee, 5% at Gloria Jean’s Coffee Shop,3% at Cafe de Lipa and 30% from the others. Table 12: What is the reason/s why they go to coffee shop? Data shows72% of the respondents prefer to drink organic coffee and 28% don’t want to buy drink organic coffee. MARKETING ASPECT – PART II A. Product/Service Description The product is the mean of this project, because it is the one that will be to offer to the customer, while, the service is the focus of this project, because this will complete the satisfaction to the customer. At the Fort Strip in the Fort Bonifacio, the proposed Coffee Cocktail House is settled at a 58 sq. m.inside of a three storey building in Katipunan Circle. As the business was being projected inside of the Fort Bonifacio Global City where most of the population are employees and students, good ambiance, peace and pleasing place of a House as good as a house can satisfy them, a house with different kinds of chairs, different interior, different exterior and different service that will surely satisfy the wants of the customer. Coffee Cocktail House (C2H) offer coffee mostly which are: hot coffee, cold coffee, frappuccino, and coffee cocktail and organic coffee, which we uniquely offer to the market. As one of the store’s unique offering, we use coffee cocktail itself for the store name which is Coffee Cocktail House. We also offer cakes and pastries which is good combination to coffee and also Filipino delicacies. B. Location Coffee Cocktail House (C2H) will be located at the ground floor of the Fort Square, Bonifacio Global City, Taguig, because it is one of the busiest places in Metro Manila and there’s an opportunity that we will get on the location. The location is highly accessible and visible for those who work beside the building and passers-by. The shop will be placed where there is several establishments such as mall, schools, call centers, business offices, and condominiums. C. Name of the enterprise As for the product name, we have come up for the product name that can describe one of our special coffees. We have applied the name in Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) and it was not found that it was not yet used by any other business entity yet. a. Business Name: Coffee Cocktail house b. USP: Great Taste Happens c. Business Logo: Many of the business man and also those who are business minded person think a lot of ideas and most of them uses a trade mark that is 100% connected to their offering, either product or service, to be able to recognize easily. Speaking of trademark, the proponents have come up with this simple trade mark using the company name itself which have a unique style and indeed an attention-catcher because of the color used. Here are the meanings of the colors and symbols that were used to the trademark that the company came up with: Cream (Originated from Yellow which means full of creative and intellectual energy) is a clean light yellow clears the mind, making it active and alert. Brown associated with the material side of life. It gives comfortable feeling of naturalness. Red is the color of blood, and as such has strong symbolism as life and vitality. It also represents the passion of the staffs. Circles symbolize unity, wholeness, infinity and protection. Pentagram (represents the house) can also be a star because of its five-points. It is a symbol of life and perfection. White Cup symbolizing the professionalism of the product and definitely a â€Å"Clean Cup† and a clean working area. Smokes symbolizes that the coffee is always freshly gourmet and also has a pleasing aroma to the nose. D. Nature of the Business For our new business idea, our group have all concurred and agreed the best way to go about developing new concepts and ideas is nonetheless the one that complete the day of a human—coffee. So we decided to on putting-up our own coffee shop. Indeed, and furthermore, we have considered what kind of beverage that we could possibly develop by means of reinventing its taste, by making it more nutritious and ultimately breaking the way people look at it. Then it came to an idea of redesigning a kind of beverage that has been branded as traditional and existing since time immemorial, and also it must be a kind of beverage that people will love and like as well. Instead of doing a coffee alone, we came up to an idea of mixing coffee and alcohol. We arrived in this idea because some call centre agents want to drink alcohol but we mix coffee on it for them to avoid drowsiness. We also consider some of the Filipinos are health conscious that’s why we came up to an idea on creating a healthy and nutritious but great tasting organic coffee. E. Limitation of the Project Coffee Cocktail House (C2H) will only hires a well experienced baristas to make a great taste of coffee and to make sure that we are ahead from the competitors. While the employees are on their work they should train the other to staff in different department so that in case that an employees will leave in some matter the other employee already know the what to do. In the initial year of the business we are not be able to expand our location because of lack of capital. F. G. Project Time Table. Project Time Table Description July 2012 to October 2012 – Feasibility Study Conceptualization about what kind of business should we study. Having a feasibility about the product; conducting survey on the location; Planning on how to promote and what is the demand and supply on it. How were the market aspect, management aspect, technical aspect, financial aspect and social aspect of the feasibility? October 2012 to January2013 – Putting-up Capitalization The proponents will be invested for the capital, amounting P 1,000,000. 00. January 2013 to April 2013 – Registration and Licensing Registering and licensing company. Secure all the permit of the business for its maintenance. February 2013 to April 2013 – Renovation of the Project Location The business location will be develops. Buying the equipments and needed tools. April 2013 to May 2013 – Hiring The company will hire expert baristas because we don’t enough money for the training. The proponents will also work as a manager to save money. – Opening of the coffee shop The store launching will start after the hiring of the baristas and crews. April 2013 to December 2013 – Marketing Program The Marketing Program will aims to simplify and demonstrate strategies that are needed to reach all its marketing potential even to exceed the potential of its market. January 2014 – Product New Ideas Having new ideas to promote and increase the demand for coffee. I. Market Segmentation A. Target market Our target market is aged 18 years old and above particularly young professionals who are working near our stores. They are the one who need our products and the one who can afford to buy our products. There are a lot of people who are passing by in our location and there are some who are just passersby. They are all are potential and target consumer who are possibly will buy some of our products. a. Demographic Characteristics Specifically it is for those 18 years old and above both male and female. Students who have allowance (from 1-5000php and above per month) looking for a convenient place to hang out with their friends and family. There are a lot of young professionals who are working near the Coffee Cocktail House. They are the persons earning 1-10,000php per month who belong to the class C to upper B. b. Psychographic Characteristics Since the target market are young professionals they are in the stage of buying what they want and doing the thing they have not experience when they are studying. They want a place that is relaxing before and after working hours. They are the type of people who are willing to buy a product that suit to their personalities yet affordable. Most of them are health conscious and smart street people looking for every benefit and satisfaction of a product to them. c. Buyer Behaviour Characteristics They are coffee drinker who used coffee as part of their daily routine. It is those people who believe that a cup of coffee will help them to enlighten and cope up for the whole day. They have that belief it will help people to stay awake for a longer hours. II. Competitor’s Analysis Purposively the proponents of this feasibility study wanted to know their possible competitor in the coffee industry especially we wanted to know our competitor within the business location. It aims to perceive the competitor’s capacity along the journey of our business. A. List of Competitors Listing and identifying every competitor we have in the market and within the area of Coffee Cocktail House. Identifying the competitor USP and why the consumers continually patronize their products. a. Direct Competitors Figaro – soon to open at the same area who offers coffee products with its healthy benefits and they have different side dishes and main courses. Coffee vending machines – that offer cheaper brewed coffee. We only have one competitor within the specific location of the coffee shop at the Fort Strip. The Cafe Puccini offering a coffee products and their specialty dish the Italian pasta. b. Indirect Competitors We also have our indirect competitors who used to sell coffee products but it wasn’t their specialization service or product. Retail sachet or instant coffee at the market. 1. Nescafe – which got in our survey that proves their being no.

Nursing admin

Possible Causes a. In order to Improve the process In dealing with this specific Incident changes must be made to implement a new process in order to better deal with these situations in the future. The first step would be to develop a team that is specifically trained to handle these emergent situations. Each member should have a specific role designated to them to know their specific tasks that should be handled during the emergency response.Once the team is developed, special training should be given to better educate the team members In dealing with these patients. Once each member Is confident In their training and knowing their role, the team will be ready and prepared to handle any future situations. B. To organize a team that would be the first responders for all emergent situations, the team would include a leader, facilitator, recorder, time keeper, and team members. The leaders would be the primary URN and primary physician on the given case.The facilitator of this team wo uld be the ICC nurse. The recorder and time keeper would be the same person being one of the unit staff members, not necessarily a URN but could be the charge nurse or resource nurse. The team member included could be the respiratory therapist who could help assists with necessary task if not preoccupied with a respiratory distress patient. In addition to these team members, I would include a security officer to be present and on standby for these patients that are combative and a possible threat to themselves or others.In this specific case the security team could have helped assist with the patient leaving the scene. C. Unfortunately, the staff Is currently uneducated on how to deal with these types of patients and incidences. This is causing them to have negative attitudes towards the patient's only rather accelerating the behavior of the patients. The staff does not know the correct steps to take in order to diffuse the situation. By not knowing what to do, there is too much lag time creating too much time for the situation to further escalate.Another problem that added to the situation escalating was having no security guards present at the time of Incident, causing opportunity for the patient to escape the hospital and disappear. D. Patient arrived at DE due to possible stroke Admitted with lack of knowledge of cause of symptoms Rapid response due to patient outburst Staff responds with negative attitude and lack of knowledge on how to address Mr†¦ X Mr†¦ X flees the hospital County police find Mr†¦ X at home Mr†¦ X admitted to same acute unit Staff avoids Mr†¦ X e.As stated previously in â€Å"letter a†, to improve the process and decrease the risk of this situation happening again a team should be implemented who is specifically trained in dealing with these situations. The emphasis should be placed on training and education for the staff and team members so this situation of staff not knowing how to respond or deal with this patient, will not happen again. A unit protocol should also be set in place, so that the staff does not have questions regarding how to deal with these patients in the future when this situation reoccurs. AAA.Improvement Plan In order to best be prepared in case this situation should happen again, a plan should be developed and in place so there is no questions as to whom should respond and what tasked should be taken. First there should be a team established and trained to be prepared for these situations. At the first sign of an emergent situation arising, the primary nurse should notify the charge nurse of events are age overhead so the entire team is alerted immediately. All of the members of the team should rapidly respond to the page and report to the location of the incident.Once all assemble the team members should assume their roles, the leaders would be the primary URN and primary physician on the given case. The facilitator of this team would be the ICC nurse. The r ecorder and time keeper would be the same person being one of the unit staff members, not necessarily a URN but could be the charge nurse or resource nurse. The team member included could be the respiratory expiratory distress patient. And the security team should be present and close in proximity.The team leaders should be taking control of the situation by giving verbal orders of steps necessary to diffuse the situation. The respiratory therapist should be taking care of oxygen and breathing treatments if necessary and assisting the team with any other necessary tasks. The unit staff member who is designated as the recorder and time keeper should be taking detailed notes of each task and order that is being carried out. Each team member should be all hands in throughout the entire mime until the situation is diffused or the primary MD orders for the team to discontinue treatment.Since the team has been thoroughly trained, their attitude will be more accepting of the patient and th ey will be proactive with approaching the patient due to the fact that they know which steps to take and skills in handling these patients. Once the situation in diffused and handled, the recorder should chart all the details that occurred during the response and the team should debrief regarding how things were dealt with and improvements that could be made. AAA. Implementation In order to implement this plan, a team must be developed that is specifically trained to handle these emergent situations.Each member should have a specific role better educate the team members in dealing with these patients. The members should be educated in detail regarding the plan and how to carry it out. It should be clear to all individuals on what their specific role is and each task they are responsible to implement. AAA & AS. Plan Measurement & Evaluation of In order to measure and evaluate if the plan would be effective a â€Å"mock† emergency could be staged in order to gage and evaluate h ow the team members react and successfully carry out the process.To be measurable, the response time could be recorded in order to evaluate how long the team takes to respond to the emergency and how long it takes to secure and safely treat the patient. Evaluations on each team member could be done and reviewed in order to make further corrections if necessary. After each emergent situation a debriefing could be held to discuss the outcomes and areas that need to be improved in order to better the process each time. B. Unit Protocol 1). No staff member should approach the patient by themselves, always have second staff member present at all times. ). At first sign of behavioral outburst, call security team in for backup. 3). Call team overhead to alert all members at first signs of emergency, in order to initiate first steps of the developed process. 4). Never attempt to restrain the patient before or during behavioral episode without consulting MD first. 5). Do not risk putting you rself in way of harm of physical danger if patient in combative, allow security team or police office to handle extreme cases of behavioral episodes.

Analysis of Sound of Silence

Lack of communication: An analysis of â€Å"The Sound of Silence† â€Å"Sounds of Silence is an album by Simon and Garfunkel, released on January 17, 1966† [ (wikipedia) ]. This is a beautiful song composed with wonderful choices of words. Behind this beautiful song with melodious rhythm, there is a big message in the lyrics. In this poem, Simon presents the speaker who speaks about communication. The idea of lack of communication builds up throughout this poem. This poem conveys a message that there is a lack of real communication in the people.The poet multiple uses of words in this poem have a significant meaning and strongly support the thesis above. The multiple uses of â€Å"I† imply that he wants the reader to be the particular person he is referring to in the poem. â€Å"I’ve come to talk with you again. † and â€Å"Left its seeds while I was sleeping† in the beginning of the poem relates silence with the speaker (lines 2-4). The dark ness meaning silence in this poem is speaker’s old friend. He knows the silence very well. Similarly, the multiple use of ‘and’ provides reasoning and supports for the writer’s argument.For example, in the lines â€Å"And the vision that was planted in my brain†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. the sound of silence†, the speaker argues that the environment he has created is still inside his brain and thus is not exposed yet (5-7). The speaker also uses the word ‘people’ many times. â€Å"People† in this poem refers to all the common people without being concerned to any individuals (17-19). In this context, people refer to those mass who are communicating with each other without any emotional feelings. The poem describes people’s way of communicating in several lines.Through the lines below, Simon wants the speaker to know how people are sharing information with no value. The following section is most important because they con vey the speaker’s main message: â€Å"People talking without speaking People hearing without listening People writing songs that voices never share And no one dared Disturb the sound of silence† (17-21). In this stanza, â€Å"People† being used three times indicates that the speaker is talking about common people of a nation where they are ruled by some dictators or harsh leader where public opinions have no any value and the freedom is snatched from the people.People are talking but they do not know what they are talking about. Their speech does not have any meaning and they are uttering words just because they are told to do so. They hear the words without interpreting them and are ready to accept whatever the leader commands without realizing the results. They know this fact, and can distinguish between right and wrong but they confine their emotions within themselves never sharing those ideas to others. They fear that silence which is their old friend will b e broken. Throughout the essay, Simon wants the speaker to know how people are really lacking communication and how it going to affect them.The speaker blames people for not having real communication. By characterizing common people as â€Å"Fools†, the speaker argues that the people are going dumb without having a good communication media (22). Lack of communication make people stupid because they are unaware what is going on in the world. Using the word fool, speaker stresses how important communication is. People really turn numb without communication. It is only through communication, knowledge is shared and people are aware of many things happening in the world.The narrator continues â€Å"Silence like a cancer grows† (23). The use of this phrase suggests us that no communication is as dreadful as cancer. When someone is silent for a long time, it becomes a habit and the victim may not even notice that. Like there is no any treatment for cancer, it is very hard to convince the people who are living without any communication for a long time. Thus, the speaker’s suggestions do not work in this case too. He tries to convince the people and bring an awareness in them as he says â€Å"Hear my words†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. reach you† (24-25).But nobody accepts the speaker’s suggestions and these suggestions come back to him like he says in his poem â€Å"And echoed In the wells of silence† (20-21). In the lines, â€Å"And the people bowed†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦neon god they made† (29-30), the poet presents Neon God as a technology. People depend on technologies thinking they are more important because they make their work easier. People today spend much time in text messages, cell phones and chatting, and these are all what the narrator points as talking without speaking and hearing without listening. People have forgotten the real communication. The real ommunication is when there are feelings, when people share ide as face to face. But people are busy in enjoying the technology without thinking about its harmful consequences. Through this poem, the speaker creates the environment where there is silence everywhere. He dramatizes a community of people where people do not communicate actually. Lack of communication creates an illusion in people. People always worship technologies but never put an effort for real communication. This poem can be a good media to show the importance of real communication and bring awareness among the general people.

Case Analysis Euro Disney Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Case Analysis Euro Disney - Essay Example on to the Hofstede’s cultural dimensions, the key points of cultural differences between USA and France include the Power Distance Index (PDI, Individualism or collectivism, long-term orientation, uncertainty avoidance index and masculinity (Geert Hofstede Cultural Dimensions, 2009). According to Miron (2009), the United States has a lower average PDI score than France. America was normally focused on accumulating more power to gain more global influence while France concentrated on increasing flexibility. The French rejected the American managers to preside over Euro Disneyland with the idea that the French managers have the necessary capability and skills necessary for managing the company. The American managers in Euro Disneyland had become unpopular among the community and French workers because most of them did not make the necessary effort required to learn the local language as well as understanding and embracing the local culture. Individualism defines the way people value themselves as well as their close relatives. Miron (2009) posits that the rate of individualism is higher in America than in France. Most of the American employees have a tendency of looking after themselves or their immediate family members. The French culture is more collective compared to that of the Americans. The collective culture emphasises on what is best for the group. This is an element of communism that is applied in management and for which most American managers lacked while handling the French employees. For instance, the American managers suggested, â€Å"...men’s hair to be cut above the collar and ears with no beards or moustaches.† (Krishna; 251) This typical appearance and dress code was practised by the American family values. The individuality of the French culture was portrayed by the demonstrations and protests that resulted from the change in the rule. These were meant to preserve the French law,  "...prohibits employers from restricting individual and

Letter to Prime Minister for the Problems Faced by a Chinese Immigrant Essay

Letter to Prime Minister for the Problems Faced by a Chinese Immigrant in Canada Before 1885 - Essay Example Dear Prime Minister, I am writing this letter as an immigrant worker and an affiliate of Chinese community to appeal for investigation and resolution of the problems, which we are facing as Chinese immigrant’s workers. I speak not just for myself but also for my Chinese brothers and sisters who have taken a great role in building this country. In the letter, I will also mention the happenings of the past few years that have resulted in alienation and increased suffering of Chinese living in Canada. Since our migration into Canada, life has been unbearable and we feel unwelcomed not just by Canadian citizens but by the Canadian government. We as Chinese community feel like the Canadian government is using us for their own good while we suffer silently. I am a young Chinese male, currently working in the Pacific Canadian Railway construction though I have done some other menial jobs. I thus have a clear understanding of the extent to which the Chinese migrants are suffering. I am a Chinese immigrant from Guangdong. Right from our entry into Canada, we were welcomed with a lot of hostility. It was inauspicious to be referred to as ‘sojourner’ or temporary workers while some of us were settlers. Some Canadians might have come as temporary workers, but even those who have been here for generations are not excluded from the tortures we undergo. Irrespective of the much risk we undertook to build the Canadian Pacific Railway, our efforts have not been rewarded or appreciated. Your government started portraying hostility towards us when they realized we were almost about to finish the railroad. We know that they fear that we might settle here permanently but we deserve better. We have to do the menial jobs irrespective of out competent skillfulness. I feel like I and my fellow Chinese have persevered enough discrimination and personal attacks. I do not understand why we have to pay extremely high head tax while our work is meant to benefit the Can adians and their government. I might have excused the Canadians for mistreating the first Chinese arrivals but it has been almost a whole century since then and we are still facing the difficulties they faced. I left Guangdong to escape poverty and I find it disheartening to continue suffering irrespective of the hardships I have to undergo as a railway worker to get my daily bread. Being treated as an outsider or an alien is disheartening. Chinamen or non-British alien is the name used to refer to us from Guangdong. This is discriminative and a demonstration of extreme racism, which I believe, you are opposed to. I have been a worker in Canadian Pacific Railway (C.P.R) for over a decade and I feel its time your government acknowledged that we are part of Canadian community. You must have noticed the increasing agitation as we near the completion of the C.P.R. Chinese constructors are being attacked and killed often and no measures have been taken to curb this. I fail to understand why the white, black, and native workers are paid two to three times our wage while we do similar and at times harder works than them. I agonize every day as I watch my brothers sleep hungry and come to work every day. Others die while planting explosives along the railroad construction site. I happened to work at the area near Fraser Canyon, which was the most difficult part of the construction. It was evident that the Chinese who were being paid the least wages comprised the majority of the team working in this site. Countless of them died while planting explosives or digging tunnels. Although we as Chinese rail workers are paid the least wages, we have to pay for our cooking and camping gears while other workers are provided for the above freely. Irrespective of our great role in improving the Canadian economy, we have been denied the right to vote. Additionally, were have been alienated from the political community. The move to form our own community was

Technical writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Technical writing - Essay Example We are looking into the matter, and are fully aware of the staff members from whose email accounts the messages originated. We are in the process of confirming the identities of the culprits. But to ensure such practice does not occur again, the e-mail account owners will be fined. Furthermore, to prevent such practices from continuing, a new company policy regarding email policy has been constituted. With the new email policy coming in effect on 25 January, 2012, it is mandatory on the employees to save their emails in their systems to prevent future mishaps. Employees are requested to log out from their accounts when they are not present on their desks. This is to prevent abuse of the emails from another party. In case of such an occurrence, the account owner will be held responsible. I am hopeful that your experience in working with our company has been pleasurable. In order to ensure that the working environment stays so, and both the company and the employee benefit from this environment, a specific issue needs to be addressed. It has been brought to my notice that you have been failing to comply with the company’s attendance policy and have been taking leave from work a little too often without any prior notification. Also, that you have been lacking punctuality and have been occasionally found leaving office earlier than the official timings. Your previous and current efforts regarding punctuality and attendance are greatly appreciated. However for the future, it is advised that the issue be taken more seriously as it can result in termination from employment or heavy fine infliction. In view of your current performance, you need to exhibit strict punctuality with regard to office timings and other provisions of the ‘Employee Code of Conduct’. Certain exceptions are still allowed in case of emergency. Moreover, to assure that 100 percent attendance is maintained, it has officially been decided that

Realism and Liberalism are classical theories of International Essay

Realism and Liberalism are classical theories of International Relations. In terms of ethics, to which normative approach can t - Essay Example Additionally, countries interact through the activities of intergovernmental organizations, international non-governmental organizations and non-governmental organizations among others. The nature of the operation of such organizations dictates that countries coexist peacefully and have a mutual understanding of the legislations of each other in order to address any form of conflict arising from the interactions through the international citizens (GRAY, 1995). Several theories explain the nature of relations between different countries often explaining the best forms of such relationships. A conducive relationship should encourage development of the different countries. Sovereignty refers to the ability of a state making its own legislations without the coercion or interference of other countries (Hutchings, 2010). One such theory is realism, the theory espouses for the truthful representation of the different countries without any attempt by the state to conceal their political, eco nomic or social nature. Realists believe that by presenting itself factually, a country makes itself open for interpretation by others who therefore decide to conduct businesses with it regardless of its current state. Despite their autonomous states, countries depend on each other. Through trade, citizens travel from country to country thereby validating the inter country relationships. This implies that the regulations and policies in a specific country affect every citizen in the country some of who are often from other countries (NAAMAN ZAUDERER, 2010). Because of this, countries strive to develop effective working relationships with each other, the world is currently a global village and people invest in any country with a possible market for the products or services regardless of the nationality of the investor. In the event of an internal conflict for example, not only the citizens of the country are likely to suffer the consequences for some international citizens in the cou ntry may also fall victim of such squabbles and often lose their investments. For such unprecedented occurrences, countries strive to formulate effective policies to safeguard the interest of the different countries that interact on different platforms through their citizens. Such possibilities therefore validate the increasing amount of interest that the international community obtains in the event of an economic, political or social crisis in the country. Some countries forcefully intervene in creating peace in such regions as was the case in Ivory Coast, a North African state in which the incumbent presidential had forcefully clung to office despite having lost an election. Realism opposes romanticism a theory commonly applied in the early French society in the country through which its officials gave a deceptive representation of the country’s political structure to the international society thereby creating a virtual state with a different preventability from the truth. Realists revolted against the poor representation that portrayed the country as stable thereby giving the actual representation of the country. They fearlessly revealed the poor commercial policies that had resulted in acute food shortages and widespread poverty of the people while the elite political society lived of the jobless population burdened by inconsiderate tax

Socially Desirable Merit Goods Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Socially Desirable Merit Goods - Essay Example This report declares that the private sector primarily operates under the dynamics of the free market system. Many individuals in the society would miss enjoying the benefits of merit goods if left to the private sector because they would appropriate a high price for the good or service, limiting the individuals who can have access to the good. Therefore, many people would be unwilling to access the merit goods at a high cost. The inaccessibility would lead to underproduction of the good, and ultimately leading to underutilization of the good or service. In most cases, government institutions are tasked with handling the provision of merit goods. This paper makes a conclusion that education is usually considered a merit good, and especially the basic education from early childhood to the university or college. An educated society results in reduced cases of hard crime, increased productivity, higher rates of employment and a growing economy because of direct input of high-quality labour. An educated society also translates into strong governmental and non-governmental institutions and interests from foreign companies who would thrive with good quality employment. The government would also benefit directly from increased tax collection from employed individuals. The present secondary education system in the UK is an improvement of an older system that allotted students at the age of 11 years to either of the three school types through performance and selection examinations.

The US media and the middleeast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The US media and the middleeast - Essay Example The period of enlightenment in Europe involved the ranking of society by evolutionary scale from civilization to barbarism, which contributed to a negativity surrounding the Middle East. The spread of colonization in the 19th century brought with it a further distinction of â€Å"others†, with the Middle East considered as such. A similar ideology evolved through the 20th century, with the US being increasingly involved in the Middle East expanse, and Israel in the post-1945 period. As Israel’s staunchest supporter, to preeminence in a region of competitive interests is difficult for Americans. The media took a leading role in redefining the political and cultural agenda of the US toward the region. This paper is a discussion of the United States media and the Middle East. Representation of the Middle East by the US Media Most media experts argue that the coverage of the Middle East by the US media is in the context of a primarily Western audience. Unless there is a red efinition of cultural discrepancies between the Middle East and the US, then a negative, stereotypical image will continue to be depicted in the media (Kamalipour 33). Diplomatic historians will approach the US foreign policy toward the region from a perspective privileging the interests of the US in the region. In this context, culture is left to play a subordinate role. News media can be viewed as the driving force behind both domestic and international political mobilization. Media creates a stereotypical representation of the region’s people and culture, slowly engendering a misunderstanding and intolerance in mainstream American culture (Kamalipour 34). This representation was exacerbated in the aftermath of 9/ 11 and the American invasion of Iraq. Media tends to construct the stereotypical Middle Easterner, rather than, illuminate the relationships between culture and the political process. Despite having contributed to the American economy for over two centuries, the n egative reputations preceding them, have delegated to second-rate citizens who cannot embrace the American dream and its secular nature. American media have picked up this and packaged it for American consumption. In this respect, the Middle East is represented within a binary oppositional framework where the region is classified as a tyrannical space (Kamalipour 34). Stuart Hall, who is a cultural critic, contends that these binary oppositions are crucial for the establishment of a difference for the facilitation of organizing perceptive systems. This classification system is further elaborated in order to maintain an oppositional relationship between the uncivilized and the uncivilized. Misrepresentation, in this context, then becomes an instrument for the advancement of political agenda. Throughout Western history, negative and stereotypical portrayals have been utilized to service imperial projects. Presently, there is evidence that the media tends to create a link between Weste rn ideologies in the Middle East and the domestic imagination. Representation is a phenomenon when dealing with differences in culture. In this context, it engages reactions, emotions and attitudes while seeking to influence the viewer’s opinion and questions. It also promotes the synthesis of a set of cultural values that respond to the viewer’s anxieties (Kamalipour 35). In this context, a Middle Easterner is defined

Progressive Era Through the Great Depression Research Paper

Progressive Era Through the Great Depression - Research Paper Example However, we can say that the timing was a bit different across various nations. This was the most wide spread, deepest and longest depression within the twentieth century. This period of immense depression started in the United States starting with a fall in stock prices and the subsequent crash of the stock market and then spread to the other nations of the world (Bernanke, 2000). This period of depression had devastating effects in many nations that it hit characterizing a plunge in international trade, a rise in the unemployment levels with magnificent falls in prices and profits. The various developmental industries got hit hard causing collapse of some. Historical turning points of the enormous depression mainly concentrated on the measures that brought about a halt that reversed the trend and effects of the depression. In most nations, the acclaimed depression recovery started at around the year 1933 and took over a decade to return the economy back to normal and stability. Roosevelt’s introduction of the new deals policies was the first principal cause and accelerator of the recovery process. However, they lacked aggressiveness to return the economy back to normal. Such policies were inclusive of the banking act of 1935. The advent of the World War II also favored the reverse of depression and raise in the economy as government spending on the war stopped and the funds reverted to rising of the economy.

Motivating oneself Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Motivating oneself - Essay Example How does one keep himself or herself moving even when feeling lazy? How do an individual push himself or herself to grow, be able to take risks, and become better even when things are not going on well? According to chandler (54-56), there several tools used in motivating oneself. This includes ones heroes, role models, and rivals. Heroes are people who others aspire to become, those looked up to and whose actions are admirable. In having a hero, an individual will be pushed to be able to keep high standards in ones action. In addition, it helps one to ask himself or herself how the hero would respond when feeling low or dispirited. In having heroes, entrepreneurs are kept on the right track when having doubt on what is supposed to be done. Moreover, they will find source of strength when they require and be motivated to perform at their peak. Second tool is the role models, these are people whose characteristics are admired by others and everyone tries to imitate. Entrepreneurs can have many role models who excel in different field. Thirdly is using rivals in motivating oneself. Rivalry is a powerful driver that keeps one moving; it makes an individual entrepreneur more innovative and even pushes him or her forward. Rivals exist in different industries and or in the field of work hence, it is a powerful motivator. Entrepreneurs will first have to identify who their rivals are, and be able to find out more about their progress and successes. In doing this they will manage to push themselves to be able to out do their own rivals. Entrepreneurs should choose who their best competitors are, the ones they admire most and keep them in their minds as the standard that they are required to beat. Rivalry will always keep entrepreneurs focused and pushes them to work harder than they have done. They will not be lazy, contented, and even when being congratulated for any good work they have done, they will always be having their competitors to drive them

International Political Economy Essay Example for Free

International Political Economy Essay International monetary fund (IMF) is an international organization composed currently with around 184 member countries representing almost all the nations in the world with an exception of a few. After the failure of Breton woods it came as a substitute of a regulatory monetary authority. The organization oversees the global financial system by implementing macroeconomics policy and financial policies aimed at stabilizing the economy’s the member nations. The organization was formed with an objective of stabilizing international monetary rates and enhancing economic development among the member states. Similarly International Monetary Fund offers leveraged loans to developing countries to stimulate their economic growth and development. At an extent IMF helps in promoting expansion, and balanced growth of international trade through co-operation with other bodies like World Trade Organization and World Bank. The organization also helps in developing a multilateral system for payment of current transactions. Despite the positive attributes from the organization it has come under severe attack from many experts and organization because of some of their inefficiency of their policies and their ineffectiveness to the targeted programs. Some of the policies used by the organization in trying to address the economic imbalances in developing nations have been ineffective as they have caused adverse effects to the member countries especially third world countries. In certain extent the organization has been used as a tool by the developed nations to propagate political interests of their â€Å"masters† through giving out conditional loans to poor nations and proposing for poor policy changes. The paper analyzes the roles of IMF and its policies and the effectiveness of those policies. Although other policies have used by the organization had positive results others technically contributed to economic underdevelopment in most poor nations. Roles of International Monetary Fund International monetary fund plays various significant roles in the global economy; International monetary fund was established to help member countries improve their economies by providing guidance and monitoring economic development in those nations. IMF is also engaged in ensuring there are sound financial policies formulated and implemented by the member states. Through extensive research and analysis the organization comes along with proposition which help in developing effective financial policies in tandem with country’s existing policies. Sound financial policies proposed by the organization are meant to strengthen the financial system of the global markets and member countries. â€Å"An effective financial system promotes economic growth and reduction of poverty by mobilizing savings and allocating them to productive uses† (World Bank, 2004, p. 72). International monetary fund provides three types of surveillance to member countries. That is bilateral surveillance, regional surveillance, and multilateral surveillance. Bilateral surveillance mostly involves discussions between international monetary fund, and the member country (Axel 2006, p 769-788). To begin the discussions in bilateral surveillance, IMF technocrats usually visit the member nation to collect information, and hold discussions with government officials in that country so as to gather enough information about the area. Apart from government officials, IMF experts also hold discussions with other members in the country such as labor unions and officials from the private sector and civil society. This is to gain more knowledge on the economic status of the country, and assess opportunities and potential threats. After the mission, the IMF staff holds meeting with the authorities to inform them on the findings obtained, risks and outlook. Bilateral surveillance helps identify risks to financial stability and international monetary fund in the member country. IMF uses bilateral surveillance to provide advice to member countries on the need to adjust certain policies. Bilateral surveillance helps IMF complement multilateral surveillance. Multilateral surveillance is important as it helps IMF strengthening its surveillance efforts. It helps IMF detect systemic risks and increase awareness of the risks in member countries. It also helps identify interdependencies in the international economy. Multilateral surveillance helps IMF identify developments in the global economy. It also helps the organization evaluate financial markets, and the outlook. Moreover, multilateral surveillance helps IMF identify changes to policy, and also effects caused by policies on member countries. IMF is working hard to enhance global discussions of economic connections among countries. This is to improve international trade among the countries (Axel 2006, p 769-788). IMF provides regional surveillance to member countries. Regional surveillance helps IMF monitor regional developments, and policies used by supra national authorities. Regional surveillance helps complement bilateral surveillance as it provides information from more than one country. Regional surveillance is important for members of currency unions. This is because policies in important areas of IMF are determined at regional level. In regional monitoring, discussions with country officials are carried out, and the report is represented separately. Formal procedures are used to conduct surveillance and evaluation over the monetary, and exchange rate policies of European nations. International monetary fund has strengthened its policies on monitoring measures so as to help eliminate concerns like vulnerability to balance of payment. These measures help in eliminating external sustainability and currency crisis in many countries and these are some of concerns that have affected many countries. IMF has developed several initiatives to help improve the effectiveness of bilateral trade. For example, the organization has established external vulnerability assessment. It has also developed initiatives to strengthen surveillance in the financial sector. The initiatives used to provide surveillance in the financial sector include a financial sector assessment program, and prevention of wastage of money. Other measures include prevention of terrorism financing, and assessment of offshore financial centre. IMF has also adopted other initiatives to help in improving its efforts. The organization has improved data provision to IMF, and also analyzing surveillance systems in member countries (Axel 2006, p 769-788). IMF helps in ensuring monetary policy in member countries are utilized effectively so as to prevent inflation (Axel 2006, p 769-788). International Monetary fund intervenes in trying to stabilize the exchange rate among member states. After the collapse of the Breton woods the main aim was to regulate the exchange rate of nations in order to avoid financial and economic imbalances IMF in this instance developed policies meant to help stabilize the exchange rate between countries. Mostly the organization favors a floating exchange rate and constant evaluates monitors and give recommendation on the appropriate exchange rate policies. At the same time IMF tries to develop monetary and exchange rate policy proposals in line with the individual countries policies. Exchange rate is critical in determination of a country’s monetary and trade policies. Monetary policy is used by monetary authorities to determine and regulate the circulation of money in the economy thus directly influencing the financial and economic measures to be taken. Determination of interest rates comes from the monetary policies decision taken. Adjustment of the interest rates either by lowering or increasing influence the pattern of the economic growth. Lower interest rates tend to stimulate economic growth and development. In this case monetary policy helps in enhancing economic growth, and stability in a country. IMF gives advices to countries on how to use monetary policy appropriately. Monetary policy is also used to prevent inflation in a country by raising interest rates. Monetary policy is important to member countries as it helps in improving economic status of the countries, and also enhancing development in the country. Countries with pegged exchange rates tend to unfairly compete with others in trade. Another role of International Monetary Fund is provision of loans to member countries. The organization provides loans to member countries experiencing balance of payment problems and economic difficulties. The loans provided by IMF are important to member countries as they help countries improve their international reserves, and pay for import (Axel 2006, p 769-788). The fund also helps countries stabilize currencies, and improve economic situations in the country so as to enhance economic growth in the country by adjusting policies to correct underlying problems. Funds provided by IMF help member countries improve national policies in the countries so as to eliminate problems. This is through restructuring of existing policies or creating new policies. IMF does not provide loans for specific projects in member countries. Member countries are encouraged to borrow from IMF if they have no enough funds to finance projects so as to meet their international payments. That is if the country cannot find enough financing to meet its net international payments and maintaining international buffer. IMF provides loans to member countries having financial problems so as to correct policies in the country, and carry out reforms. Countries are encouraged to use funds from IMF to adjust economic policies in the country so as to overcome economic crisis. This is important as it helps countries correct their financial balance, and improve conditions in the country. The funds enable countries to continue paying for imports, improve their international reserves and stabilize currencies. A member country has to follow the right lending process provided by IMF so as to get loans. IMF loans are provided under an agreement between the country, and IMF. The country provides enough reasons as to why it needs the money, and then economic program is established after the agreement. The program is established by country and IMF and presented to the right people. After the arrangement is approved then, IMF releases the funds in installments as the country continues to implement the program (Axel 2006, p 769-788). International monetary fund has established facilities that are customized to address specific situations of its member countries. Developing countries use different facilities from developed countries to access IMF loans. Low income countries use extended credit facility, and other facilities to borrow loans from IMF. These facilities allow countries to borrow on concession terms. Countries can access non- concessional loans via stand by arrangements, and other facilities that offer such loans. The organization provides emergency assistance to member countries to help them recover from natural disasters and conflicts (Axel 2006, p 769-788). Effectiveness of IMF Policies IMF uses various policies to help member countries improve their situations in the country, enhance economic growth, and financial stability. The policies include structural adjustment policies, financial crisis policies, and poverty reduction policies. Most people have criticized IMF policies for their ineffectiveness. This is because the policies implemented by International monetary organization have worsened economic conditions in member countries rather than improving the prevailing situations. The main role of IMF is to improve economic and financial stability in member countries using the policies named above. So far the IMF policies have not helped eliminate economic crisis in many countries and instead it has been contrary to expectations. The policies have affected developing countries more than developed countries as these countries depend on funds and advice from IMF to improve their economic status. (Robert and Jong-Wha 2002, p 1245-1269). Structural adjustment Policy is a shift of policies implemented by member nation’s mostly poor nations towards those guided and advised by IMF for purposes of qualifying to get financial and economic assistance. Structural adjustment policies have been criticized by scholars and experts as they have been seen as instruments of accelerating poverty and underdevelopment. Political shifts and governance reforms are always expected from the member nations expecting to benefit from the IMF. Most often the policies are in line with the system of governance of the developed nations (custodians of the IMF) which are deemed to be effective and efficient. Free trade and market liberalization is always encouraged by the IMF. Structural policies force countries to slash government spending and encourage privatization which also open up countries to exploitation by foreign investors. Structural adjustment policies have increased the level of poverty in many countries by causing many workers to loose jobs and reduction in income for workers due to free markets as most enterprises are sold to foreign investors who implement â€Å"effective† measures. The policies have given debt payment and economic development priority compared to education and health services. IMF has encouraged developing countries to lower living conditions of their citizens. This has affected provision of services in developing countries much. The policies have lead to shortage of the work force in developing countries as most companies, and health centers cannot afford to hire enough personnel (Ngaire 2002, p 83-100). IMF lending policies are condemned because of the conditionality associated with the policy. IMF forces member countries to adjust economic policies so as to overcome problems that led the countries to borrow funds from IMF. The international monetary lending policies are used to provide loans to member countries. The funds help member countries improve their economic status. International monetary lending policies do not serve member countries well. The policies are not flexible, and countries do not get enough money. The conditionality help IMF know if the country is able to repay the loan given. Developing countries do not get enough loans to finance projects in the country. Shortage of funds in developing countries hinders economic growth and increases poverty. The policy force developing countries cut their spending so as to have enough funds for development projects. The policies are not flexible enough to help developing countries get enough funds. In addition, the funds provided by international monetary fund are not enough to help countries eliminate problems. This prevents control of disasters and crisis in the country (Bird and Rowlands 2002, p 173-186). Conclusion The roles of IMF are very significant and critical in ensuring the stability and economic development of not only the member nations but the entire world in general. However Economic policies implemented by International monetary are not effective as they cause stifle economic growth. The economic policies are made to help developing countries improve economic growth, but they encourage economic stagnation. This is because developing countries cut spending in other sectors to get enough funds. Member countries have to cut spending on health sector, the education sector so as to get funds to adjust economic policies in the country. IMF encourages member countries to follow conditions established be fore accessing loans. The member countries are required to adjust policies in the country to overcome problems that have caused economic crisis in the country. This forces countries to concentrate on adjusting economic policies, but not development projects in those countries. This affects provision of crucial services in health care sectors and education. They also lead to lack of employment in developing countries. This leads to poor economic growth in developing countries (Axel 2004, p 445-464).

Ryanair Analysis of Strengths and Weaknesses

Ryanair Analysis of Strengths and Weaknesses Michael Porter defines Strategy as a combination of the goals for which the firm is striving and the means and policies by which it is seeking to get there. According to him the Strategy is about competitive position, about differentiating yourself from the point of view of the customer, about adding value through a mix of activities different from those used by competitors. Kenneth Andrews defines Corporate strategy as the pattern of decisions in a company that determines and reveals its objectives, purposes, or goals, produces the principal policies and plans for achieving those goals, and defines the range of business the company is to pursue, the kind of economic and human organization it is or intends to be, and the nature of the economic and non-economic contribution it intends to make to its shareholders, employees, customers, and communities.. Background Currently, the commercial world and its borders are changing more rapidly with regard of terms of size and speed. Travelling all around the world is no longer a luxury but a requirement for many of the population. In the past only rich people could afford to travel, in nowadays with the increasing movement of the technology, students as well as people with average profits can benefit. Due to this fact, in the past decades the number of airlines worldwide has been increasing significantly and respectively in early70s a new type emerged for the first time in the U.S.: the low cost airlines. The first low cost airline was Southwest Airlines which began operations in 1971 and was profitable only in 1973 (Oliveira and Huse, 2008). After twenty years after the Americans (Beigbeder, 2007) due to the fact of the deregulation of European skies in early 1990s, the phenomenon appeared in Europe. One of the first low-cost airlines which emerged was Ryanair (Ireland) and Easy Jet (UK) and they keep being still among the most active on the market. Companys history, development, and growth Ryanair is one of the Worlds favorite airlines and operates more than 1,400 flights per day from 44 bases and 1100+ low fare routes across 27 countries, connecting 160 destinations. Ryanair operates a fleet of 250 new Boeing 737-800 aircraft with firm orders for a further 64 new aircraft which will be delivered over the next 2 years (www.ryanair.com). Ryanair is a innovator among LCA (Low Cost Airline) companies in Europe. They were among the first and they are still today the most active LCA on the continent. This business is increasing fast and from the beginning has passed through very significant phases. Ryanair was founded in 1985 by the Ryan family in Ireland. In 1988 and during only one year due to financial losses, the company launches a business class service and a frequent flyer club for customers, neither of which prove particularly successful. This change has meant that Ryanair has changed its generic strategy. Indeed, the company since the early 90s pursuing a cost strategy. Ryanair now offers the lowest fares in every market, high frequency flights, moving to a single aircraft fleet type, scrapping free drinks and expensive meals on board. These decisions have significantly reduced ticket prices for customers. In order to reduce again costs, Ryanair decided also to narrow down traveling lines from 19 to 6 routes between 1990 and 1992. With this new policy the Irish firm carry over 1 million passengers in one year for the first time in 1993. On 29th May 1997 Ryanair becomes a public company for the first time with a successful flotation on the Dublin and NASDAQ (New York) St ock Exchanges. In March 1999, Ryanair accepts the delivery of five new Boeing 737-800 series aircraft. Those new aircrafts began operations from the main base at London Stansted, and their impact allowed Ryanair to operate with significantly lower seat costs and to offer much lower airfares, but with better reliability and a fantastic new customer product (www.ryanair.com). Communication between customers and the company is always a priority. In 2000, Ryanairs website (www.ryanair.com) became the largest booking website in Europe with more than 50.000 bookings each week. This source of information allows also customers to avail of the lowest car hire, hotel accommodation, travel insurance and rail services. At that time, Ryanair was the only LCA which developed interactive useful internet services for customers. Ryanair was in 2003 in the category most popular brand the fifth most searched website in the world (http://www.google.com/intl/en/press/zeitgeist2003.html). The Irish airline became also the first LCA to sponsor a program on television in order to gained more customers. The company decided to sponsor Skynews Weather reports. Following this effort in communication, 1 million people traveled for the first time in during a month with Ryanair in august 2001. According to R. OBrian (mail communication, 15 April 2009) in order to be closer to custome rs, they build also the first continental base at Brussels Charleroi Airport in Belgium between 2001 and the end of 2002. In 2002, the company selected Frankfurt Hahn as the second Continental European base and launched in April with 10 routes. German customers flock in their millions to avail of the lowest air fares to and from Frankfurt according to J. Meier (personal communication, 15 April 2009). To accommodate this growth, Ryanair announced the largest ever aircraft order by an Irish airline by increasing their aircraft order with Boeing from 45 to 125 firm aircraft, with a further 125 options. The value of this order exceeds à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ 6 billion and signals Ryanairs ambition to continue to be the largest LCA in Europe. Ryanair became also the number one in Europe of customer services beating all other European airlines for punctuality, fewer cancellations and least lost bags (www.ryanair.com). Meanwhile according to the company respondent communications to customers have not stopped. In 2004, Ryanair is named the most popular airline on the web by Google, as the website continues to be the most searched travel one in Europe. These performances continued and now more than 98% of all Ryanair bookings are made through the website and Internet customer services. During 2005 and 2006, Ryanair used communication tools in order to try to be different from other airlines for customers. First, they made a big communication called no fuel surcharge guarantee. Following the statements by the respondents , this was a new communication for customers because many full service airlines such as British airways, Air France or Lufthansa continue even today to supplement already high fares fuel with surcharges in case of extra costs. Second, Ryanair became The Worlds Favorite Airline because they carried more customers than British Airways and all other airline and LCA firms. Third, Ryanair was and is still the most punctual company in Europe with more than 90% of flights who arrived on time and respect schedules. Many radio advertising were made with this information. Finally, in order to attract new customers, they offered 100.000 seats for 1à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬ for the 20th birthday of the Irish brand. From 2006 until now, a new customer service was launched . According to the respondent This is a web check-in service giving passengers the opportunity to check-in online across Ryanairs entire route network. The company is also the first airline worldwide to carried more than 5 million travelers in a month and created plan for a new customer service: onboard mobile. For the moment, Ryanair has 830 low fare routes all around Europe and across 26 different European countries. They produced customer services from their 31 European bases. Ryanair currently has a team of more than 8,000 people and expects to carry approximately 73.5 million passengers in the current fiscal year (www.ryanair.com). Strategy Ryanair strategy remains the same from the beginning of the 90s and since then it continues to act as the European LCA leader and continues the expansion in order to attract more customers. Ryanair aims to offer low fares that generates increased passengers traffic while maintaining a continuous focus on cost-containment and operating efficiencies (Ryanairs annual report from 2008). Business Model Full Service : Low Cost: Using HubSpoke network, Congestion during peak hours Delay of only a few inbound flights Will spill over across large portions of the network Low average daily utilization of aircraft, higher costs per seat mile Enormous transaction costs Complex fare structure Non-stop point-to-point services High seating density and load factors, Uniform aircraft types (usually the 737-300) Direct booking (internet/call centre no sales commissions) No frills such as free food/drinks, lounges or air miles Simple systems of yield management (pricing) Use of secondary airports to cut charges and turnaround times The main components of their strategy are low fares, customer services, frequent point-to-point flights on short-haul routes, low operating costs, high maintaining productivity, high personnel productivity, low customers costs, airport access fees, taking again a better advantage of Internet in order to serve the customer, commitment to safety and quality maintenance, enhancement of operating results and ancillary services and focused criteria or objectives for growth (Ryanairs annual report from 2008). Passengers may trade-off price savings against service reductions but anyway Ryanairs market success shows that the product/price trade-off is broadly in line with customers requirements so far. One of the key to the success of Ryanair was that they adopted the decision to build a powerful brand and as an example in 2003 the company was declared the fifth most searched website in the world. This confirms Gilbert ´s (1996) assumptions that branding is becoming increasingly important when it comes to product differentiation. In the case of LCA`s building brand recognition can be seen as another effective tool to be prepared for the competitive environment. These assumptions will be tightened through the argumentation by O ´Connelly and Williams (2005) that for LCA ´s who are offering a strong alternative to full service airlines it is from special relevance to build a strong brand around the company, but with the addition of customer loyalty and satisfaction. During the years the airline has stated clearly the product and stayed rigidly to that model with over 180 routes and 17 bases. In order to maintain the low fares the company has decided to eliminate the amount of travel agents and marketing costs and to sell tickets per internet. This strategic decision had a positive impact and as a result the number of the customers has increased because the clients prefer to avoid the agency and to check, compare and buy the tickets themselves. Since the implementation of internet booking in 2000, passenger numbers has grown rapidly. The growth rate increased from 15,7% (in 1999) to 30,7% (in 2000) and to over 40 % in the following years. Ryanair stimulated the passenger growing by focusing on price and not on service. Thinking on long terms this can arouse problems when another new airline enters the market and this may adversely affect Ryanair`s market share and profitability. This assumption is mainly based on statement by Lawton (1999) where it is said that just having the focus on one strategy, for instance price leadership, will be unsustainable in the future. Mainly driven by the Ryanair will to expand it is certain to sustain its competitive advantage by setting the focus secondary. While the rate of price reduction in air fares charged by low cost airlines is likely to moderate the passenger demand for the Ryanair product is likely to remain high. Ryanair clearly satisfies the markets demand which indicates that the strong price reducing strategy attracts a high number of customers. We can suppose that this fact will remain the same as far as the clients dont change their preferences and their necessities, as long as they want just to move from one point to another and nothing more. The clients tend to keep and select the low cost airline especially for the low cost services provided by them. However the Ryanair is not really focused in the relations with the customers and are counting every penny in order to maintain them on the market. To give you anecdotal case experience I had with Ryanair: one of my Ryanair flight was cancelled so I ended with no communications at all, no change of the ticket, no accommodation provided. Writing numerous letters to Ryanair didnt get me not even a reply and only after writing to the European Commissions for Air Passengers Rights after 3 years Ive got my money back. The conclusion is that what is really important for the company is to keep the low cost as low as possible, no matter what is takes. Otherwise Ryanair could even however face the problem of cost cutting itself out of the market. What counts to the customers is to obtain fair services in direct rapport with the fair prices. The focus that Ryanair need to be focus is the importance of relationship building with its customers, otherwise it may risk losing its position. In case that the airline is capable to unite the low price with a special network of customer fidelity, only then the competitive advantage can be obtained. Strategies could be influenced directly by the numbers of travellers. According to the history of the Ryanair, in its initial stages the company wasnt very effective and after introducing the hard discount pricing strategy the firm became really successful and attractive for the clients. Companys internal strengths and weaknesses SWOT Analysis Strengths Low Cost Pioneer First in cost reductions 1stmover advantage Strong Brand Established market share Variety of supplementary services Weaknesses Week relations with customers Unpredictable customer relations Poor relations between employees Refused to recognize unions Reliance on Michael OLeary Unfriendly connection with competitors Opportunities Continuing development Advanced fee decreasing EU growth Traveller Destinations Rapidly developing competition New low cost entrants Alliance/Mergers between rivals Threats Industry criticism Alternative transportation(cars, trains) External environnement Analyzing the external environment we can define 4 categories of external factors that influence the strategy of Ryanair. Political and legal: Have an increased Trade-Union pressure, EU abolishment of Duty-free Sales, EU expansion Advertising and Marketing Campaigns Economic: Continuously price growth of fuel Depreciation of US dollars EU Commissions Decisions regarding: communication with passengers, cancelled passenger compensation, overbooking, getting illegal subsidies from airports. Sociocultural: The developing of new style of living by travelling, increasing demand of business with require travelling Increasing of new high-speed trains, better cars and other ways of travelling Technological: With Internet, and all the IT technology, everything is much simple you can book, cancel, buy easily a ticket wherever you like Competitors Ryanair now has a number of low-cost competitors. In 2004, approximately 60 new low-cost airlines were formed. Although traditionally a full-service airline, Aer Lingus moved to a low-fares strategy from 2002, leading to a much more intense competition with Ryanair on Irish routes. AirBerlin wich uses a Business model -instead of point to point connections, it offered guaranteed connections via its hubs, low fare alliances. Another new competitor is BNIBaby a subsidiary of BMI British Midband and leading low cost carriers in the Midlands and Nothern England. Alos is FlyBE which has an incorporated aspect of budget airline model. Airlines which attempt to compete directly with Ryanair are treated competitively, with Ryanair being accused by some of reducing fares to significantly undercut their competitors. In response to MyTravelLite, who started to compete with Ryanair on the Birmingham to Dublin route in 2003, Ryanair set up competing flights on some of MyTravelLites routes until they pulled out. Go was another airline which attempted to offer services from Ryanairs base at Dublin to Glasgow and Edinburgh in Scotland. A fierce battle ensued, which ended with Go withdrawing its service from Dublin. [Quinn, Eamonn. No competitors for Ryanair in Dublin, says Cassani, 30 November 2003, at Tcm.ie. Retrieved 18 December 2006.] Ryanairs biggest competitor is EasyJet, announced routes to the Republic of Ireland for the first time, beginning with the Cork to London Gatwick route. Until then, EasyJet had never competed directly with Ryanair on its home ground. [Mulligan, John. Ryanair wins judicial review of decision over Knock route, 10 September 2008 at Independent.ie] External Analysis Porters Five Forces Threat of new Entrants Medium Is somehow affected by new comers in the market Suppliers Bargaining Power Low Industry Competitors Competition Among existing Firms High There are several strong competitors fighting for the same clients. Buyers Bargaining Power Low Threat Of Substitute Products Medium There is a living style that makes EU people to travel during the weekend with, buses, cars, caravans, trails Ryanair Competitive Advantage In nowadays the company tries to position itself by providing a strong brand on the market and obtaining a good reputation. Driven by this, company has to adapt each time to the condition of the market following strategies that can improve their competitiveness. These include cost leadership, differentiation, focused cost leadership and integrated cost leadership/differentiation. Ryanair restructured the model and they moved from conventional airline to the first European low fare. At the beginning it provided services only between Ireland and the UK. At the end of 1990 in spite of the increasing in clients, Ryanair faced losses of 20 mln IR pounds. At this period of time and directed by Michael OLeary the company decides to adopt the model of successful American Southwest Airlines. The problems encountered at this stage were that, Ryanair tried to concentrate and on costs and also on focus. At this stage, the competitors can invade the market, and without a proper strategy the compa ny cannot position themselves on a segment and survive. So they choose to go for Cost Leadership which proved to be a right choice. So how they do that: Fleet Standardization The company uses the most sold and used planes from the world Boeing 737. Maintenance costs are low, spares parts are chip and because of this, the Ryanair is capable to keep the low prices, New Aircrafts, Owns Own Fleet, Operations Denominated in Euro, Hedge Fuel Risk Airport Charges The company chose to avoid main airports and to use secondary or regional airport but closed to big cities, and respectively these airport charge lower taxes Limited Airport Transportation Employees and Productivity The company provides lower employment costs, but the staff can earn more money based on their performance Model Online Bookings, One Class Travel, Ticketless Boarding, Unallocated Seats, Point-to-Point Flying, No Frills, Reduced Turnaround Times, No Refund Policy Outsourcing of Services The company uses the third part services such as aircraft handling, ticketing. Highly Successful Ancillary Service Offering, Outsourcing of Services at International Airports, Marketing and Advertising The companys promoting is basically in newspaper, radio, television and their web site Advertising on Airplanes, In-house Marketing Basic Service on board Offers minimum standards of service and very low prices for point-to point short have flights, no extra such as in flight meals, advance seat assignment, free drinks and other services. Eliminating seatback pockets, No blankets or pillows, Airsickness bags distributed on request, Charges larger penalties for overweight luggage This strategy was a success and by 1997, Ryanair was floated on the Dublin Stock Exchange and on NASDAQ. Expansion strategy is another factor that enables Ryanair to position itself in the marketplace. The company has been known to be an airline which launches new routes since its operation begins. In addition, under the expansion strategy, company acquires Buzz in February 26, 2003. Such acquisition enables Ryanair to gain immediate access to11 new French regional airports and makes the company the largest airline operating at London Stansted Airport. In addition, the company continues to expand by opening two new Continental European bases with low-fare flights from Milan Bergamo and Stockholm. In the year, 2003, the company has been able to launch 73 new routes and carry over 2 million passengers in one month (July). In addition, the company website has been able to make the company position itself in the global market. Corporate Strategy High Global Strategy Transnational Strategy Low International Strategy Multidomestic strategy Low High Future of Ryainair Cutting costs: Race to bottom Ryanair, the Worlds favorite airline, today (9th  July) launched an online poll to ask if   passengers would stand on short flights if it meant they could travel for FREE, or pay 50% less than seated passengers.  Ryanair is gauging passenger demand for its vertical seating which will allow passengers to travel for free in a secure upright position on short flights of approximately one hour. Source:http://www.ryanair.com/site/EN/news.php?yr=09month=julstory=gen-en-090709 Ryanairs Future Plans, Cutting the costs, No Window Blinds , No Reclining Seats, Leather Seats , Velcro Headrests , Carry-on Luggage Profit enhancement Satellite Television , Internet On-board , Rented In-flight entertainment Future plans Free tickets. In a decade or so, airlines will pay travellers to distribute people around Europe. The airline industry is Tesco, is Ikea, is network TV in the way viewers watch for free and advertisers Pay for access to them, is the internet in the same way that websites earn money for delivering click-through traffic or other sites. Michael OLeary ,Chief Executive Officer of the Irish airline Ryanair Issues at Ryanair Risks and Challenges Extra capacity building would create certaintly about the success of new routes and locations Fuel Prices Vulnerable to rising fuel prices Represents 35 % of the operating costs Compensation to passengers Regulation by the European Union Terrorism and security Added risks and Costs to the industry Expand into Central and Eastern Europe Continue aggressive acquisition Overhaul the customer service Internet ticketing Develop the smaller operating base Increase the ancillary revenues-focus on after sales Future Conclusion Despite the fact that Ryanair is tied to low cost policy and doesnt care about the loyalty of the clients, the relations with the Clients, the service and with bad experience with them, the customers and myself will keep to buy their services, yes we will get the basic service but is cheap, is easy and after the exams I will fly with them in Portugalia. Ryanair rapid growth is due to: Low cost Airline Business Model that restructured European Aviation Industry Pioneer innovative cost reduction methods Creative alternative revenue generation free flights goal in next phase evolution Value segments consist of travellers interested to optimize comfort, time and price. This would mean a requirement for city-centric airports, and comfortable departure times. Competitors are catering to value market segment and have established slots at some primary airports, furthermore provide cost effective basic services. Acquisition of a similar airline would enhance expansion into value-orientated market segments without comprising its top position in the low-price segment. The key challenge for Ryanair in the next few years therefore is developing a successful strategy for not only winning the war in Low Price segment but acquiring solid position in the Value Segment and in new non-European markets. 5. ReferencesBelfast Telegraph. Finance crisis good for